THE SCIENCE - A DEEPER DIVE
NMN - NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE
NMN, or nicotinamide mononucleotide, is a naturally occurring compound that is found in all living cells. It is a precursor to NAD+, which is a coenzyme that plays a vital role in many cellular processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and cell signaling.
As we age, our levels of NAD+ decline, which can lead to a number of age-related problems, such as fatigue, impaired cognition, and increased risk of disease. NMN supplementation has been shown to increase NAD+ levels in cells and animals, and to improve a number of age-related parameters.
Here are some of the potential benefits of NMN supplementation:
- Increased NAD+ levels
- Improved insulin sensitivity
- Reduced body weight and fat mass
- Improved physical performance
- Increased energy levels
- Improved cognitive function
- Reduced risk of age-related diseases
Recent clinical studies on NMN:
The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. This study was published in the journal Aging Cell in 2022. It found that NMN supplementation increased blood NAD concentrations and was safe and well tolerated with oral dosing up to 900 mg NMN daily.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improves physical performance in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. This study was published in the journal Nutrition and Metabolism in 2022. It found that NMN supplementation improved physical performance in healthy middle-aged adults, as measured by a variety of tests, including grip strength, walking speed, and stair climbing.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. This study was published in the journal Frontiers in Aging in 2022. It found that NMN supplementation improved insulin sensitivity in obese postmenopausal women with prediabetes, as measured by a variety of tests, including fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improves mitochondrial function in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. This study was published in the journal Aging in 2022. It found that NMN supplementation improved mitochondrial function in healthy middle-aged adults, as measured by a variety of tests, including respiratory chain enzyme activity and mitochondrial DNA copy number.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation improves neuronal function in the brain of aged mice: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. This study was published in the journal Nature Medicine in 2021. It found that NMN supplementation improved neuronal function in the brain of aged mice, as measured by a variety of tests, including learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation.
Further reading....
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867418301521
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ19-0313/_pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6477631/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00174-3
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155041311630482X
TRANS-RESVERATROL
Trans-resveratrol is a polyphenol found in the skin of grapes, red wine, peanuts, and other foods. It has been shown to have a number of potential health benefits, including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
Clinical studies have investigated the effects of trans-resveratrol on a variety of conditions, including:
Cardiovascular disease: Several studies have shown that trans-resveratrol can improve cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and inflammation.
Cancer: Trans-resveratrol has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in both animal and human studies. It may help to prevent the growth of cancer cells and to kill cancer cells.
Diabetes: Trans-resveratrol may help to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes.
Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: Trans-resveratrol has been shown to protect brain cells from damage and to improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Trans-resveratrol may help to promote weight loss and to improve insulin sensitivity in people with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Here are some of the key findings from clinical studies on trans-resveratrol:
A study of 120 people with metabolic syndrome found that those who took 500 mg of trans-resveratrol daily for 12 weeks had significant improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and inflammation.
A study of 50 people with Alzheimer's disease found that those who took 1 gram of trans-resveratrol daily for 12 months had significant improvements in cognitive function.
A study of 40 people with type 2 diabetes found that those who took 1 gram of trans-resveratrol daily for 12 weeks had significant improvements in blood sugar control.
Further reading...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15254550/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18523577/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4588085/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23624181/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27144581/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12939617/
https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-020-00461-z
FISETIN
Fisetin is a flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, including strawberries, apples, and onions. It has been shown to have a number of potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects.
In recent years, there has been growing interest in fisetin as a potential senolytic agent. Senolytics are compounds that can selectively kill senescent cells, which are cells that have stopped dividing and have accumulated damage over time. Senescent cells can contribute to a number of age-related diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
There have been a number of preclinical studies that have shown that fisetin can kill senescent cells in a variety of tissues. For example, one study showed that fisetin was able to kill senescent cells in the liver of mice, which led to improved liver function. Another study showed that fisetin was able to kill senescent cells in the brain of mice, which led to improved cognitive function.
There are currently a number of clinical trials underway to test the efficacy of fisetin in humans. The results of these clinical trials are still pending, but the preclinical data suggests that fisetin may be a promising new treatment for a number of age-related diseases.
Here are some of the clinical studies that have been conducted on fisetin:
Fisetin for the Treatment of Frailty in Older Adults.
This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that is currently recruiting participants. The study is testing the effects of fisetin on frailty in older adults. Frailty is a condition that is characterized by decreased muscle strength, endurance, and balance. It is a risk factor for falls, disability, and death. The study will enroll 120 participants who are 65 years of age or older and who have been diagnosed with frailty. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either fisetin or a placebo. The study will last for 12 months. The primary outcome of the study is the change in frailty from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes include the change in muscle strength, endurance, balance, and quality of life.
Fisetin for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that is currently recruiting participants. The study is testing the effects of fisetin on the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes dementia. It is the most common cause of dementia in older adults. The study will enroll 400 participants who are 65 years of age or older and who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either fisetin or a placebo. The study will last for 24 months. The primary outcome of the study is the change in cognitive function from baseline to 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the change in functional status, quality of life, and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.
SEN-SURVIVORS Trial: This trial is testing the effects of fisetin on frailty in adult survivors of childhood cancer.
Fisetin to Improve Physical Function in Frail Older Stage I-III Breast Cancer Survivors: This trial is testing the effects of fisetin on physical function in frail older women who have been treated for breast cancer.
Fisetin for COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities: This trial is testing the effects of fisetin on the progression of COVID-19 in older adults who are living in skilled nursing facilities.
Further reading...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6197652/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22197297/
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_10
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15639786/
CURCUMIN
Curcumin is a compound found in turmeric, a spice that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. Curcumin has a wide range of potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects.
There have been a number of clinical studies conducted to investigate the potential health benefits of curcumin. Some of the most promising findings from these studies include:
Curcumin may help to reduce inflammation. Inflammation is a major underlying factor in many chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and arthritis. Curcumin has been shown to reduce inflammation in both animal and human studies.
Curcumin may help to protect against cancer. Curcumin has been shown to kill cancer cells and to prevent cancer cells from growing and spreading. Curcumin has been studied in a number of different types of cancer, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer.
Curcumin may help to improve cognitive function. Curcumin has been shown to improve memory, learning, and attention in animal studies. Curcumin is also being studied for its potential to improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
Curcumin may help to protect against heart disease. Curcumin has been shown to lower cholesterol levels and to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Here are some of the clinical studies that have been conducted on curcumin:
1) Curcumin is also being studied for its potential to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes.
2) A study published in the journal "Cancer Prevention Research" in 2008 found that curcumin was effective in killing cancer cells in people with pancreatic cancer.
3) A study published in the journal "Neuropsychopharmacology" in 2012 found that curcumin was effective in improving cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease.
4) A study published in the journal "Circulation" in 2013 found that curcumin was effective in lowering cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Further reading...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4686230/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12680238/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20100380/
R-LIPOIC ACID
R-lipoic acid (R-LA) is a naturally occurring compound that is found in small amounts in foods such as spinach, broccoli, and yeast. It is also available as a dietary supplement. R-LA is a powerful antioxidant that can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
R-LA has been studied in a number of clinical trials for a variety of conditions. Some of the conditions that R-LA has been studied for include:
Diabetes: R-LA has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes.
Heart disease: R-LA has been shown to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Neurodegenerative disorders: R-LA has been shown to protect nerve cells from damage and improve symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Weight loss: R-LA has been shown to promote weight loss in people who are overweight or obese.
Here are some of the key findings from clinical studies on R-lipoic acid:
In a study of 72 people with type 2 diabetes, R-lipoic acid supplementation at doses of 600 mg/day, 1,200 mg/day or 1,800 mg/day improved insulin sensitivity by 25% after four weeks of treatment.
In a study of 120 people with coronary artery disease, R-lipoic acid supplementation at a dose of 600 mg/day for six months reduced total cholesterol levels by 15%, LDL (bad) cholesterol levels by 20%, and triglycerides levels by 10%.
In a study of 100 people with Alzheimer's disease, R-lipoic acid supplementation at a dose of 600 mg/day for 12 months improved cognitive function and slowed the progression of the disease.
In a study of 150 people who were overweight or obese, R-lipoic acid supplementation at a dose of 600 mg/day for 12 months promoted weight loss and improved body composition.
Further reading...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32692358/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25594166/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25317815/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36672581/
SKINAX2
SKINAX2 is an oral supplement that may improve skin health. It contains a blend of antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, as well as zinc and selenium. These nutrients are thought to help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which can lead to premature aging, wrinkles, and dark spots.
There have been a number of clinical studies conducted on SKINAX2. One study, published in the journal "Nutrition and Metabolism," found that the supplement was effective in improving skin radiance and reducing skin imperfections. The study participants were women with dull complexions, and they took SKINAX2 for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, the researchers found that the women's skin had significantly improved in terms of radiance, color, and texture.
Another study, published in the journal "Dermatology and Therapy," found that SKINAX2 was effective in reducing the appearance of wrinkles and age spots. The study participants were women with moderate to severe wrinkles and age spots, and they took SKINAX2 for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, the researchers found that the women's wrinkles and age spots had significantly decreased.
Overall, the clinical studies on SKINAX2 suggest that it is an effective supplement for improving skin health. The supplement has been shown to improve skin radiance, reduce skin imperfections, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and age spots.
Here are some of the potential benefits of SKINAX2:
Improves skin radiance
Reduces skin imperfections
Reduces the appearance of wrinkles and age spots
Protects the skin from damage caused by free radicals
Promotes healthy skin cell growth
Improves skin elasticity and firmness
Hydrates the skin
Reduces inflammation
Boosts the immune system
Further reading...
CERAMOSIDES
Ceramides are a type of lipid that are found in the skin. They play an important role in maintaining the skin's barrier function, which helps to keep the skin hydrated and protected from environmental stressors. Ceramides can be lost from the skin due to a variety of factors, including aging, environmental exposure, and certain medical conditions. This can lead to dry, itchy, and irritated skin.
Ceramosides are a wheat extract which can be supplemented orally or topically to help improve skin health by restoring natural skin ceramides.. There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of ceramosides for skin health. A number of clinical studies have shown that ceramosides can improve skin hydration, reduce dryness and irritation, and improve the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
One study, published in the journal "Skin Pharmacology and Physiology," found that oral supplementation with ceramosides for 12 weeks significantly improved skin hydration and reduced dryness and irritation in people with dry skin. Another study, published in the journal "Dermatology and Therapy," found that topical application of ceramosides for 8 weeks significantly improved the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines in people with photodamaged skin.
Here are some of the clinical studies that have been conducted on ceramosides:
A 2015 study published in the journal "Skin Pharmacology and Physiology" found that oral supplementation with ceramosides for 12 weeks significantly improved skin hydration and reduced dryness and irritation in people with dry skin.
A 2016 study published in the journal "Dermatology and Therapy" found that topical application of ceramosides for 8 weeks significantly improved the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines in people with photodamaged skin.
A 2017 study published in the journal "Experimental Dermatology" found that ceramosides can help to protect the skin from damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
A 2018 study published in the journal "Journal of Investigative Dermatology" found that ceramosides can help to improve the skin barrier function and reduce the risk of eczema.
Further reading...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16060709/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19443184/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34283373/
https://www.webmd.com/beauty/what-to-know-about-ceramides-for-skin
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